October, 2001, MIT Enterprise Technology Review
Digital Preservation
By Claire Tristram
< http://www.technologyreview.com/magazine/oct01/innovation5.asp >
Software
"Increasingly, the record of our civilization is becoming digital, from
census data to family photos. The Library of Congress alone has 35
terabytes of files. Yet rapid changes in computers and software could
render this data unreadable.
Congress recently allocated the library $100 million to look for a way
to preserve its files—one of the most ambitious efforts yet to tackle
digital obsolescence. "With that money we'll be able to gather the
technical people and the archivists and start to develop a prototype,"
says Abby Smith, preservation program officer with the Council on
Library and Information Resources, which is working on the project.
Part of the challenge is that computers and software gallop ahead, while
digital files remain static. The library's current solution is to
convert files to work with the updated systems every few years, but
"every time you convert something, you change it," says Jeff Rothenberg,
researcher at the Rand Corporation in Santa Monica, CA. Rothenberg
instead sees a solution in emulation software that can mimic a given
hardware platform, allowing one computer to act like an earlier one. To
demonstrate the approach's feasibility, he created a chain of emulators
linking a present-day PC to the 1949 EDSAC, one of the first computers.
"I was able to run any of the original EDSAC programs that were saved on
paper tape," he says.
Ray Lorie, research fellow at IBM's Almaden Research Center in San Jose,
CA, is working on an approach that creates a digital road map of a
document at the time of its creation. Write a document, say, in Adobe
Premier, and the software generates a second file that describes the
content and formatting of the original document using a simple code.
That code would be readable by a "universal virtual computer"—an
emulator that mimics, not an earlier machine, but a hypothetical,
extremely simple computer. "In the future we'd only need some way of
interpreting this single virtual computer," says Lorie.
While the Library of Congress appropriation won't solve the problem of
digital preservation, it will allow for the first large-scale testing of
possible solutions like Lorie's and Rothenberg's. "The Library of
Congress project has a high enough profile that we might be able to get
the attention of technology industry, and to finally get some answers,"
says Smith."
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This archive was generated by hypermail 2.0.0 : Tue Oct 02 2001 - 15:11:02 PDT