Re: [ba-unrev-talk] Fallacious Reasoning
Good post. This list belongs in a knowledge base, somewhere.... (01)
John Maloney wrote: (02)
> From Howard Kahane (1976) Logic and Contemporary Rhetoric
>
> *** Fallacious Because of Being Invalid
>
> Appeal to Authority - Improper appeal to authority. An example is when
> a Nobel laureate in chemistry writes an opinion about a subject she is
> not an expert such as political science and people then cite him as an
> authority about political science believing that being considered and
> expert in one area means they are knowledgeable about others.
> Popularity - Appeal to the crowd as the authority. An example is
> someone believing something is to be true because people in general
> believe something to be true.
>
> Traditional Wisdom - Appealing to the past as authority. An example -
> it has always been believed that way so therefore it is.
>
> Provincialism - Failure to look beyond one's own group. Also called
> "not-invented-here" syndrome where a knowledge claim is not believed
> to be true because it is generated by another group other than one's
> own.
>
> Loyalty - Deciding the truth on the basis of loyalty. Believing
> something to be true because a group you are loyal to believes it to
> be true.
>
> Irrelevant Reason - Use of evidence entirely irrelevant to a
> conclusion.
>
> Ambiguity - Use of ambiguous terms to mislead (or which in fact
> mislead)
>
> Slippery Slope - Failure to see that the first step in possible series
> of steps does not inevitably lead to the rest
>
> Balkanization theory - The conclusion that the breakup of one company
> or nation will lead to others
>
> Domino theory - The conclusion that if A falls, then B, then C, and
> others will also fall.
>
> Ad Hominem Argument or Genetic Fallacy ( Argument to the Man) Guilt by
> Association - Attacking a person rather than the argument.
>
> Two Wrongs Make a Right or Common Practice - "if someone else does it,
> it is OK for me to do it"
>
> Tokenism - Do a small amount of what is required and then say that you
> did the whole thing
>
> Hasty Conclusion - Jumping to conclusions with not enough evidence
>
> Questionable Classification - Classifying something falsely
>
> Questionable Cause - Labeling something as the cause of something else
> with not enough evidence
>
> Questionable Analogy - Falsely comparing or really stretching the
> comparison of two things
>
> ******Fallacious Even If Valid
>
> Suppressed Evidence - Trying to prove a point while not providing all
> the evidence, when doing so would weaken the argument.
>
> Questionable Premise - Accepting premises in an argument that are both
> questionable and inadequately supported
>
> Unknown Fact - Stating supporting facts to an argument that are not
> possible to know
>
> Questionable evaluation - Using language to conjure up an image that
> is different from the facts
>
> Straw man - Misinterpreting or rephrasing an opponent's position so it
> becomes easier to attack
>
> False Dilemma - Trying to make an argument either-or when it is not
>
> Begging the Question - Endorsing without prove some form of the very
> question at issue
>
> Inconsistency - Arguing using contradictory premises
>
> False Charge of Fallacy - Charging a person of being inconsistent when
> all they did was change their mind
>
>
>
> From Howard Kahane (1976) Logic and Contemporary Rhetoric
>
> (03)